From 2000 to 2007, IR-4 researched crop safety and efficacy of Medallion (fludioxonil), Vanguard (cyprodinil), and Palladium (Switch 65WG, cyprodinil + fludioxonil).Medallion impact on 19 crops was tested, while 6 crops where studies with Palladium. Tests for efficacy included experiments on Botrytis cinerea, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, several Phytophthora sp, Sclerotium rolfsii var. delpinii, and Thielaviopsis elegans.